Slurry Wall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Slurry Wall - Essay Example They provided a low permeability obstacle to contaminant transport. The first slurry wall was built in Italy. Icos built the wall in Italy by using bentonite slurry support as the cut off wall. He went on to construct the first slurry wall for the Milan Metro. In mid 1960s, European contractors introduced the slurry walls in the United States. It was first used in the World Trade Center found in New York, the Bank of California found in San Francisco and the CAN building found in Chicago. Many projects of the slurry wall in the United States are found in Chicago, San Francisco, Washington, New York and Boston. Slurry walls are used extensively in the Central Artery/Tunnel project. This project involved many cover and cut tunnels built under the prevailing artery. The technology behind slurry wall centers on specific equipment used to excavate slurry trenches. The mechanical clamshell is the simplest kind of trenching equipment and is put on a Kelly bar. Different contractors have developed particular equipment such as hydromills, hydraulic clamshells or fraise (Mulligan, Yong & Gibbs, 2001). These walls are used in retaining foundations of the wall and retaining control of the wall water. Additionally, they are used as long-lasting basement walls in top down construction method, used as earth retention walls for tunnels, excavations and basements. They are also used in vertical foundation elements with high capacity (Opdyke & Evans, 2005). They are used as cut off curtains, gas barriers in areas with landfills, seepage control, and contaminated groundwater. Moreover, the diaphragms are used in seepage and water control for deep excavations. The construction cost of slurry wall for cut off barriers is much cheaper than construction of diaphragm wall for deep excavations. The alterations arise mostly from the differences in the construction methods. In diaphragm walls, the perimeter of the wall is made panel by

Cathay Pacific Essay Example for Free

Cathay Pacific Essay HistoryIn 1946 two ex air force pilots Roy Farrell and Sydney de Kantzow founded Cathay Pacific in Hong Kong. Both of them contributed HK$1 so that their new found airline could be registered. Even though at first it was based in Shanghai, both founders shifted to Hong Kong where they established Cathay Pacific. According to Gavin (1988) 1960 was a good and prosperous year for the airline as they bought their rivals Hong Kong Airways. By 1964 it had more then a million customers. The and by 1967 they were unlimited customers. In the same era it also bought its first jet engined aircraft. It was the Convair 880. It seemed as if here was success after success because soon after buying the new aircraft they introduced their international flights. Cathay Pacific seemed to be soaring high as in 1999; a new head office was established in Hong Kong International Airport. They called it the Cathay City. Till today Cathay Pacific holds his head up high when it comes to quality service and success in the airline industry (Ashok 2003 p110)Part 2SuccessCathays success has based on her wide-range of service all around the world especially in Asia, and modern management orientation and employees from over ten countries. In every country their service is considered as quality service as they always make the customers journey pleasant one. The reason why Cathaywas so successful is that it has always believed in quality customer care and new strategies. They know what those successful in the past may not make them successful again as the world keeps changing. They believe that is their employees and human resource which make them successful. Their success lies in the airlines corporate philosophy which is service straight from the heart and determination for constant improvement (Chan 2000 p473). They believe that they have to deliver the best service and fulfil all the requirements of the passengers so that they have a pleasant journey Part 3 Company StructureLike in most organizations here too top management, technical support staff , middle management, administrative  support staff and technical core are interrelated and serve more then one function.(Daft 2007 p27) The company structure of Cathay Pacific is not a complex one. The head of the organization is the chairperson this case it is Chris Pratt he joined the company in 1978. Then is the Tony Tyler the executive director. He directly reports to the chairpersonAll heads of the all the departments report reports directly to both the chair person and the executive director. John Slosar is the Chief Operating Officer he is the head of the most important department which is the operations departmentAfter the operations department the next important department is the Corporate Development department. The head of this department is Ian Shiu,The next important department is the Finance department. The director of this department is James E. Hughes-HallettThe next most important department is the Flight Operations department Nick Rhodes is the director of this department. The next most important department is the Sales and Marketing Department. James Barrington is the head of this Department. The next most important department is the Personnel department. The head of this department is William Chau. The next most important department is the Information Management department. Edward Nicol is the head of this department. The next important department is the Cargo Department. Rupert Hogg is the director of this department. Another important department is the corporate Affairs department. Quince Chong is the head of this department. Yet another important department is the service delivery department Ivan Chu is the head of this department. Last but not least is eth engraining department. The head of this department  is Christopher Gibbs References Ashok Ranchhod (2003); CIM Coursebooks 2002-2003 Diploma Case Study Book: Analysis and Decision (CIM Workbooks 2003/04) Butterworth-Heinemann; Revised edition p110Chan D (2000); Air wars in Asia: competitive and collaborative strategies and tactics in action Journal of Management Development , Vol 19 : 6 Pp473 488Daft, B.L. (2007); Organisation Theory and Design, 9th. Ed., South-Western p27Gavin Young (1988) ;Beyond Lion Rock: The Story of Cathay Pacific Airways Hutchinson Radius.

The Lord of The Flies | Analysis

The Lord of The Flies | Analysis Lord of the Flies by William Golding is one of the most popular and endearing books of the twentieth century.   In part a morality tale, in part an analysis of the human psyche, it is also a supremely interesting and exciting adventure story.   All of these combined elements make the book a true classic and a perennial audience favourite.   The book also demonstrates its significance to today’s audiences via the many references made of it in popular culture.   Artists as divergent as U2, who named a song after one of the book’s chapters, through to the creators of cult TV drama ‘Lost’ pay testament to the value and resonance of William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’. Within its pages we see drama, tension, horror, cruelty and the extraordinary complexities that can occur when people are forced into unique situations.   This encourages the audience to philosophically engage with the book and look more deeply into it to find answers to the questions it poses â€Å"That work was Lord of the Flies, by William Golding. The book was the first novel that caused me to reflect for longer than I read† (Dalrymple, T, 2005) A plane crash strands a group of British schoolboys on an unknown island. In a society now shorn of traditional authority figures, it is up to the abandoned boys to establish some kind of working system to guide them through the dangers, inevitably inherent, in their new, unchartered existence.   The difficulties they encounter lead to violence and separatism and death.   At the beginning of the novel we are introduced to the key characters Ralph, Piggy and Jack.   Ã‚  Ralph and Jack are almost immediately engaged in a struggle for power thus emphasising one of Lord of the Flies’ key features, which is its ability to effectively mirror adult situations.   In this case it can be seen as indicative of a wider human inclination to become ‘top-dog’. Lord of the Flies is a novel that is filled with tension and drama. Defeated by Ralph in the election battle, Jack instead turns his attention to other, more dynamically fierce pursuits and becomes in charge of an almost-crazed hunting division of boys, thus finding a way to both proclaim his importance and issue a challenge to the incumbent as he satisfies his thirst for power in gradually more ominous and violent ways. The mandate for the group is created and the boys immediately decide to get on with the business of having fun and keeping the signal fire burning.   Therefore, this child-like perspective of leadership values and what is important in society is a fascination component of Golding’s work and accounts for much of its popularity and subsequent critical analysis due to its deft mirroring of many of today’s mores and traditions. A seemingly simple tale of schoolboys marooned on an island, Lord of the Flies has proven to be one of the most enigmatic and provocative pieces of literature ever published Olsen, K (2000). The other early principal character Piggy is almost immediately discounted by the boys due to his demeanour and appearance.   This further emphasises the plot’s reflection of ‘real-life’ patterns of behaviour and attitude where the ethos is often seen to be ‘survival of the fittest’ as Piggy, less physically impressive and worldly-wise than the power brokers now operating on the island,   is rejected â€Å"He is lacking in aggression, unwilling to adventure, cries easily, is not interested in competing .. As a result of his shortcomings, he is more than at the bottom of the hierarchy of the boys stranded on the island† (Berseka, T, 2003).   Once more, this facet of Golding’s work will engage with those who perceive contemporary society has an increasing penchant for populism and the triumph of aggression over civility. Already made to feel anxious by the inherent aggression in Jack’s leadership style and his bloodthirsty   proclivity for hunting pigs, the   younger members of the fledgling society are also made to feel insecure by the rumours of a ‘beast’ stalking the island.   This feral clamour for blood ultimately culminates in Piggy’s demise. Violence is shown to be a significant strategy in gaining power and influence, again echoing many such instances in the ‘real’ adult world. Although based on the dynamics of a group of schoolboys, the novel confronts profound questions of innocence, evil and the fall of man, casting doubt on the possibility of any lasting social progress Carter, R MacRae, J, 2001 This bloodlust reaches its nadir when one of the few left serving under Jack’s more traditional leadership, Simon, is savagely murdered by Ralph’s off-shoot ‘tribe’ in an almost ritualistic fervour.   This group are now distinctly separate and wilder than the others and are intoxicated by their own power.   As Ralph himself is about to become the third victim, the boys’ fire is spotted by a patrolling British Navy ship which effects a rescue. The somewhat ambivalent ending of Lord of the Flies further engages the audience by leaving them with unanswered questions and moral dilemmas. The leadership contest, the struggle for survival, the corrupting rush of power, the use of violence as a means to an end and the descent of the human species into an almost animalistic state raises questions relating to the very basic foundations of the human condition.   What do their actions tell us about notions of respect for one another?   How delicate is the balance between civilisation and savagery?   How damaging is their loss of innocence?   All of these questions serve to engage the reader in Golding’s classic text. BIBLIOGRAPHY Berseka, T, T. (2003), The Changing Boys World in the 20th Century: Reality and Fiction, The Journal of Mens Studies, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 157 Carter, R. Macrae, J.(2001), The Routledge History of Literature in English: Britain and Ireland, Routledge, London Dalrymple, T. (2005), Desert-Island Reading, New Criterion, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1. Olsen, K. (2000), Understanding Lord of the Flies: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT.

decaling cars :: essays research papers

Decaling cars may look easy but in reality it’s quite difficult. Throughout the years people have used decals to convey messages. How do people use decals to get this message across? Well to decal a car there are certain things that the person decaling the car should know: How long the life span of the vinyl you want to last, where the decals are going to go, window or body decals, how much vinyl you need, how to prepare the car for the vinyl, designing the decals and weeding the cut vinyl, applying the finished decals   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Vinyl is a plastic spread with a sticky adhesive spread onto the back of it†Ã¢â‚¬â€œChris Walker. There are different types of vinyl ranging from a one-year life span to a twenty-year life span. All the difference is between the different types of vinal is basically the thickness of the vinyl. It really depends on the person decaling the car. Other decals last longer in the weather than others so this too must be taken into consideration. First decide weather the decals should last a long time or just for a temporary thing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now for the decaling. First decide what type of decals is going to be made i.e. window decals or car body decals. Second choose which type of vinal would be best for this project. Should the vinal last a long time or should it be temporary? Now before placing decals on the car it would be best to draw them out on paper first. By doing this it helps to eliminate any errors that may acquire. Draw up a quick sketch of the car that is being decaled from different angels, front view, side view, rear view, and top of the car. With these sketches the decals can be placed onto the car without error. After that has been taken care of draw the decals onto the sketches where they should be placed on the car. To help decide witch design(pearce)to it is best to look in books and magazines or if wanted they could just create there own design. Check and decide to see if the decals are going to look good when placed on the car. Once the decal’s placements has been decided measure each decal to see how much vinal is needed to be able to cut these decals out. First measure the length of the car, the height, width, and measure the windows.

Discuss factors and attitudes influencing eating behaviour Essay

There are many factors and attitudes, which can have a major influence over an individual’s eating behaviour, such as mood, cultural factors or even their parents. Mood can have a major influence over an individual’s eating behaviour. It has been suggested that someone who over eats or under eats, may be suffering from Depression, and they use their eating behaviour as a way of masking their negative mood. It has also been shown that being in a low mood state can result in the desire to eat sweet or starchy foods. This is said to be because carbohydrates help the manufacture of serotonin (neurotransmitter associated with mood). Consuming high carb foods can also be used as a way of self-medicating an individual’s low mood. Verplanken et al (2005) conducted a correlational analysis on mood, impulse buying and the consumption of snacks. In this study, it was found that those with low self-esteem were more likely to impulse buy and consume snacks. It could be said that this is their way of coping with the emotional distress caused by low-self esteem. Therefore supporting the idea that an individual’s mood can influence their eating behaviour. However, as this was a correlational study, cause and effect can not be established. It may be that impulse buying causes a lowered mood. Social Learning Theory places emphasis on the impact that observing other people (i. e. our peers) has on our personal attitudes and behaviour. Our eating behaviours and attitudes to food, can be down to observing the behaviour of our parents. Parental attitudes towards food inevitably affect children because they control the food bought and served in the household. However, research has also shown an association between parents’ and children’s attitudes towards food generally. For example, Brown and Ogden (2004), reported consistent correlations between parents and their children, in terms of snack food intake, eating motivations and also body dissatisfaction. Our attitudes and eating behaviour can also be effected by influences from our peers. A study supporting this theory was conducted by Meyer and Gast (2008) who surveyed 10-12 year old girls and boys, and found a significant positive correlation between peer influence an disordered eating. The ‘likeability’ of peers was considered the most important factor in this relationship. One criticism of the Social Learning Theory is that it focuses solely on learning eating behaviours through observation of others. It fails to take into account biological and evolutionary factors which can also have a major influence over our attitudes towards food and our eating behaviours. Another factor which can have an influence over an individuals eating behaviour, is cultural influences. Research carried out by Bally and Kenardy, examined the eating habits of women in Australia, they specifically focussed on a group aged between 18 to 23. From this study, they found that the longer the women spent in Australia, the more likely they were to alter their attitudes towards eating in a similar way to women born in Australia. This is known as ‘acculturation’. This research strongly suggests that eating behaviour is learnt and is therefore linked to the behavioural model. However, similar to the Social Learning Theory, this fails to take into account biological reasons for eating habits or why some disorders such as Anorexia, can be heredity. As well as this, the research can also be said to be reductionist as it was only set in Australia therefore, the results can not be generalised to the wider population. Also, another criticism of this study, is that it is gender biased, as it only looked at women, rather than looking at the eating behaviours of both sexes. Further studies linked to this imply that, body dissatisfaction is a characteristic of white women rather than black/asian women. However, evidence from Mumford et al goes against this. Mumford et al found that bulimia was more common amongst Asian school girls than their white counterparts. This therefore questions whether the ethnicity of an individual plays a role in our eating behaviour.

Important qualities of a good supervisor Essays

Important qualities of a good supervisor Essays Important qualities of a good supervisor Paper Important qualities of a good supervisor Paper Managing a group of people who all have different personalities, abilities and who may or may not interact well with each other is not an easy task and, in my opinion, to be successful you require certain qualities and skills such as: Excellent communication skills. You need to relay instructions very clearly so every part is well understood in order to avoid mistakes. You also need to listen carefully to what your employees tell you. A very good way to make sure someone has understood your instructions is to ask them to repeat everything in their own words. To make sure you have received information correctly, you should say so what you are saying is And repeat in your own words. This simple method avoids many misunderstandings. Fairness. Human beings react badly to what they perceive as unfair. So if you delegate work to others make sure you are scrupulous in allocating pleasant and unpleasant tasks evenly. Good organizational skills are essential. It is your Job to coordinate the work and allocate resources. You should know where everything is and be prepared for the task. Knowledge. Part of the supervisors Job is to train others so it goes without saying that you should be at least one step ahead of them. Accountability. If a mistake is made by one of your team you should acknowledge responsibility every time unless they have deliberately disobeyed your instructions. Efficiency. For your department to work like clockwork you should always have the next task ready to be allocated to the right person so no-one spends any time doing thing. Adaptability. Be ready to manage change efficiently as and when it happens even if you dont agree with it. Social skills. You should be courteous at all times. When you have to tell someone off, it should be done assertively but politely and never in front of other people. Everyone makes mistakes and nobody needs to be humiliated. Shouting at people is not a good idea as they will become resentful and unhappy. You will get more done with a smile than with rudeness. Dont be afraid to praise your team for a task well done. The Diplomacy. As a supervisor you have loyalty to the company who pays your wages but also loyalty to your team who are responsible for your results. A difficult balance which requires a great deal of tact. Self-discipline. As a supervisor, you should inspire respect so discretion in your private life is essential nor can you tell people off for lateness if you are always late yourself. Http://impracticalities. Hubcaps. Com/hub/what-are-the-top-ten-qualities-of-a- supervisor